A mirror page of https:\/\/nationalawakening.org\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1705<\/strong>:\n The Uyghur State of Yarkent (Yarkent Khanate) which governed over East \nTurkistan and large parts of Central Asia is abolished after Junggar \n(Mongol) invasion of East Turkistan (what is currently known as the \nJunggar Basin). [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1705-1759<\/strong>: southern East \nTurkistan (Tarim Basin) is governed by the Khojas and northern East \nTurkistan (Junggar Basin & Kengsu) is governed by the Junggars. [2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1759<\/strong>: The Manchu Qing Empire launches an invasion and conquers East Turkistan, turning it into a vassal state. [3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1759-1862<\/strong>: The Uyghur and other Turkic peoples of East Turkistan rebelled some 42 times against the Manchu Qing Empire. [4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1863-1864<\/strong>:\n Uyghurs and other Turkic peoples of East Turkistan rebel against the \nManchu Qing Empire under the leadership of Yaqub Beg. Yaqub Beg expels \nthe Manchus and declares total independence and reign over East \nTurkistan. [5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1865-1877<\/strong>: East Turkistan\u2019s \nindependence as Kashgaria is recognized by the British Empire, Russian \nEmpire, and the Ottoman Empire. East Turkistan maintains its total \nindependence under the leadership of Yaqub Beg until the Manchu Qing \ninvasion in 1877. [6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1884<\/strong>: The Manchu Qing \nEmpire gains total control over East Turkistan and officially \nincorporates into the Manchu Qing Empire as \u201cXinjiang\u201d which translates \nas \u2018New Territory\u2019 in the Chinese language. [7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1884 \u2013 1911<\/strong>: East Turkistan is governed by the Manchu Qing Empire. [8]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1911<\/strong>: The Chinese revolution overthrows the Manchu Qing Empire. [9]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1911-1931<\/strong>:\n Parts of East Turkistan is ruled by Uyghur & Turkic warlords and \nother parts are ruled by Chinese warlords under the influence of the \nChinese Nationalists (Guomindang). [10]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1931<\/strong>: Uyghurs revolt against Chinese rule in Qumul and rebellion soon spreads across East Turkistan. [11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1931-1933<\/strong>: Uyghurs revolt in southern East Turkistan and declare an independent government in Khotan. [12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1933<\/strong>:\n Uyghurs and other Turkic peoples join together in Kashgar to declare \ntotal independence of all of East Turkistan from Chinese rule and \nestablish the First East Turkistan on November 12, 1933. [13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1934<\/strong>:\n East Turkistan loses its independence after the First East Turkistan \nRepublic is dissolved on April 16, 1934 following Soviet intervention \nand Chinese invasion led by Chinese Muslims (Huis) under the Chinese \nNationalists (Guomindang). [14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1934 \u2013 1944<\/strong>: East\n Turkistan is ruled by the Chinese warlord Sheng Shicai, during his \nreign over 200,000 Uyghurs and other Turkic peoples are brutally killed.\n [15]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1937<\/strong>: Military officers of the 6th Uyghur \nDivision revolt against Chinese rule once again only to be brutally \ncrushed after Soviet intervention. [16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1944<\/strong>: \nUyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Tatars, and Uzbeks join together and rebel \nagainst Chinese rule and re-establish an independent state of East \nTurkistan. Second East Turkistan Republic (ETR) is declared in Ghulja on\n November 12, 1944. [17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1945<\/strong>: The ETR government\n announced a 9-point declaration on January 5, 1945 re-affirming the ETR\n as an independent secular republic which embraces democracy and rejects\n totalitarianism. [18]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1949<\/strong>: August 27<\/strong>\n \u2013 The charismatic leaders of the ETR : President Exmetjan Qasimi, \nInterior Minister Abdulkerim Abbas, General of the Armed Forces Delilqan\n Sugarbay, Deputy Commander in Chief Ishaq Beg and 7 others are executed\n by Stalin for refusing to sign away the independence of East Turkistan.\n [19]<\/p>\n\n\n\n October<\/strong> \u2013 Mao\u2019s People\u2019s Liberation Army \nbegins its invasion East Turkistan with the support of the Soviet Union \nin October 12, 1949. [20]<\/p>\n\n\n\n December<\/strong> \u2013 The East \nTurkistan Republic is formally abolished on December 20, 1949 after the \nEast Turkistan National Army is absorbed into the People\u2019s Liberation \nArmy as the 5th<\/sup> Army formally ending East Turkistan\u2019s independence. [21]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1950<\/strong>:\n Stalin and Mao sign the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and \nMutual Assistance on February 14, 1950 which promises the Soviet Union \neconomic concessions in exchange for Soviet support of Chinese rule in \nEast Turkistan. [22]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1951:<\/strong> The Kazakh leader \nOsman Batur who continued to lead the people of East Turkistan to \nstruggle against Chinese Communist occupation is captured and executed \non April 29, 1951 [23]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1951 -1959<\/strong>: During this \nperiod over 14 major armed rebellions calling for the restoration of an \nindependent East Turkistan occurred against Chinese rule, the largest \noccurring in Khotan on December 29th<\/sup> -31st, 1954. [24]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1954<\/strong>: \n Mao transfer hundreds of thousands of demobilized Han Chinese soldiers \nand their families into Eastern Turkistan and creates the Bingtuan \n(Chinese Paramilitary) force to colonize and control East Turkistan. \n[25]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1955<\/strong>: On October 1, 1955 the People\u2019s \nRepublic of China designates East Turkistan as the so called \u201cXinjiang \nUyghur Autonomous Region\u201d. [26]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1962<\/strong>: Tens of thousands of people in Ghulja (Illi region) riot against Chinese rule in May 29th<\/sup> leading to the mass exodus of nearly 100,000 Uyghurs and Kazakhs into Kazakhstan (then Kazakh SSR). [27]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1964<\/strong>:\n On 16 October 1964, the People\u2019s Republic of China conducted its first \nnuclear test in Lop Nur, East Turkistan, making it the fifth \nnuclear-armed state after the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain \nand France. [28] From 1964 \u2013 1996 China has tested over 46 nuclear tests\n that killed over 800,000 peoples in Eastern Turkistan and left millions\n exposed to radiation which resulted in various cancerous diseases. [29]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1968<\/strong>:\n The East Turkestan People\u2019s Revolutionary Party (ETPRP) was founded in \nFebruary 1968 with the intent of restoring East Turkistan\u2019s \nindependence, it had central offices and branches offices in every city \nacross Eastern Turkistan and issued over 50 publications before it was \ncrushed. [30]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1969<\/strong>: On August 20, 1969 several \nmembers of the ETPRP led by Ahunov set out near the Soviet border \n(present day Kyrgyzstan) to establish a base of operations to wage \nguerilla warfare against Chinese forces, it was leaked and the ETPRP was\n forced to go underground. [31]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1981<\/strong>: On May 27th<\/sup>,\n 1981 an armed uprising against Chinese rule erupts in Kashgar\u2019s \nPayziawat county prompting Chinese General Wang Zhen to take hardline \napproaches to crush any signs of resistance. [32]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1985<\/strong>: On December 12th<\/sup>\n dozens of peaceful demonstrations against nuclear testing, forced \nabortion, and Han Chinese migration occurred across East Turkistan, with\n the largest being a student led protest in Urumchi in which over 20,000\n people participated. The demonstrations were violently suppressed by \nChinese authorities resulting in hundreds of dead and thousands \narrested. [33]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1988<\/strong>: On June 15th<\/sup>, thousands of students in Urumchi stage a peaceful demonstration that was brutally crushed by Chinese authorities. [34]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1990<\/strong>: On April 5th<\/sup>\n an armed uprising to restore East Turkistan\u2019s independence breaks out \nin Baren township of Akto County in southern East Turkistan. Thousands \nof innocent people are killed as Chinese forces brutally crush the \nuprising by April 11th<\/sup>. [35]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1995<\/strong>: On July 7th<\/sup>,\n 1995 hundreds of people in Khotan demonstrate against Chinese rule in \nEast Turkistan prompting Chinese security forces to open fire which led \nto rioting and hundreds killed. [36]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1997<\/strong>: \nThousands of people demonstrate in Ghulja during February 3rd in \nresponse to Chinese authorities\u2019 restrictions against Uyghur culture and\n the execution of over 30 East Turkistani activists. Chinese security \nforces brutally crush the peaceful demonstrations and kill over 100 \nprotesters and arrest over 1,600 by February 5th<\/sup>. [37]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2002<\/strong>:\n China begins to justify its repressive colonial policies of genocide in\n East Turkistan under the guise of \u201ccombatting against terrorism\u201d. [38]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2009<\/strong>:\n Thousands of people led by students in Urumchi stage a peaceful \ndemonstration against the brutal massacre of Uyghur workers in a Chinese\n factory in Shaoguan, Guandong. The demonstration is brutally crushed \nand tens thousands of Uyghurs are killed or forcibly disappeared across \nEast Turkistan. [39]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2015<\/strong>: China passes \ncontroversial counter-terrorism law to further legitimize its \nsuppression of expressions of Turkic & Islamic identity in East \nTurkistan [40]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2017<\/strong>: China uses its economic \nleverage to persuade numerous countries such as Egypt to detain and \ndeport all East Turkistanis\/ Uyghurs to China where they are \nsubsequently imprisoned or sent to concentration camps. [41]<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2018<\/strong>: On August 10th<\/sup>,\n the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial \nDiscrimination\u2019s review of China\u2019s human rights record has determined \nthat over 3 million people , mostly Uyghurs are being detained in \n\u201cpolitical re-education\u201d, \u201ccounter-extremism\u201d and other concentration \ncamps across East Turkistan. [42]<\/p>\n\n\n\n