{"id":1344,"date":"2020-01-22T21:22:52","date_gmt":"2020-01-22T12:22:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/?p=1344"},"modified":"2020-01-22T21:26:49","modified_gmt":"2020-01-22T12:26:49","slug":"the-language-of-the-uighur-holocaust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/2020\/01\/22\/the-language-of-the-uighur-holocaust\/","title":{"rendered":"The Language of the Uighur Holocaust"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thewire.in\/communalism\/china-uighur-holocaust?fbclid=IwAR1v5vdxyjFze5RNJhg5t7kfoxBUdi0ujbMU9qvhYvrOHTp-_SGrkdS_usI\">https:\/\/thewire.in\/communalism\/china-uighur-holocaust?fbclid=IwAR1v5vdxyjFze5RNJhg5t7kfoxBUdi0ujbMU9qvhYvrOHTp-_SGrkdS_usI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Satellite images and clandestine video footage of watchtowers, concrete barracks and barbed-wire perimeters conform to the prison aesthetic described by Jewish Holocaust survivors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The recent&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/12\/10\/podcasts\/the-daily\/china-ethnic-minory-crackdown.html?showTranscript=1\">leak of Chinese Communist Party documents to the&nbsp;<em>New York Times<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;offers a chilling glimpse into the 21st century\u2019s largest system of concentration camps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A million Uighurs and other Muslim minorities are now detained in a Chinese operation that combines the forced labour and re-education of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.laogai.org\/page\/what-laogai-system\">Mao-era laogai<\/a>&nbsp;with the post-9\/11 rhetoric of the \u201cwar on terror.\u201d US President Donald Trump\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/753968e412fab06e6fb8180e7ac98d47\">Muslim ban<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esquire.com\/news-politics\/a27813648\/concentration-camps-southern-border-migrant-detention-facilities-trump\/\">border camps<\/a>&nbsp;crowded with migrant children and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2005\/6\/1\/guantanamo_bay_a_gulag_of_our\">America\u2019s global archipelago of so-called black sites<\/a>&nbsp;detaining terror suspects deserve condemnation. So too do the concentration camps of the world\u2019s newest superpower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2017\/12\/13\/china-minority-region-collects-dna-millions\">Retina scans, DNA databanks<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/04\/14\/technology\/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html\">facial recognition technology<\/a>&nbsp;are now ubiquitous across China\u2019s Xinjiang province. They are modern-day updates to earlier surveillance technologies like&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1974\/12\/26\/archives\/soviet-announces-new-internal-passport-system.html\">Soviet internal passports.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KGB tactics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Satellite images and clandestine video footage of watchtowers, concrete barracks and barbed-wire perimeters conform to the prison aesthetic described by Holocaust survivor&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biography.com\/scientist\/primo-levi\">Primo Levi<\/a>&nbsp;and Russian labour camp detainee&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Aleksandr-Solzhenitsyn\">Alexandr Solzhenitsyn.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Y4TReo_G74A?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption>CBC News.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/world\/10-000-uighurs-missing-in-china-activist-1.842522\">Nighttime roundups<\/a>&nbsp;resemble KGB tactics, while&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/uighur-muslim-china-sterilisation-women-internment-camps-xinjiang-a9054641.html\">involuntary medical injections<\/a>&nbsp;recall the dark history of forced sterilization, from Nazi eugenics to the targeted sterilization of Indigenous women in Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another haunting parallel is the language Chinese officials use to justify their actions. Speaking of the concentration camps of totalitarian Europe, the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/baumaninstitute.leeds.ac.uk\/this-is-not-an-obituary\/\">late social theorist Zygmunt Bauman<\/a>, himself a Polish Jew and Holocaust survivor, wrote that&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books\/about\/Modernity_and_the_Holocaust.html?id=wxDw7y0l0mYC&amp;redir_esc=y\">\u201cgardening and medicine\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;have offered \u201carchmetaphors\u201d for the management of unwanted populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To cultivate a garden is to ensure the survival of some plants while eliminating others. Gardens require fences, walls and the extermination of weeds. As if to illustrate Bauman\u2019s point,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/asia_pacific\/former-inmates-of-chinas-muslim-re-education-camps-tell-of-brainwashing-torture\/2018\/05\/16\/32b330e8-5850-11e8-8b92-45fdd7aaef3c_story.html\">a Chinese official in Kashgar<\/a>&nbsp;recently informed a crowd of Uighurs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The tenderly pruned gardens of classical China were peaceful retreats for poets and philosophers. By contrast, the association of human beings with noxious weeds and the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s embrace of industrial agricultural metaphors have yielded&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/11\/18\/opinion\/china-muslims.html\">dystopian results<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Language of disease<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More than anything, Chinese statements about Uighur concentration are saturated with the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2018\/08\/china-pathologizing-uighur-muslims-mental-illness\/568525\/\">language of disease.<\/a>&nbsp;Likening Islam to a contagion, an official&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2019\/11\/16\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-documents.html\">Communist Party document<\/a>&nbsp;suggests Uighurs have \u201cbeen infected by unhealthy thoughts.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFreedom is only possible,\u201d it adds, \u201cwhen the \u2018virus\u2019\u2026is eradicated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ins>Also read:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/thewire.in\/rights\/suppression-of-chinas-uyghurs-muslims\">China\u2019s Suppression of Uighur Muslims Goes Unacknowledged<\/a><\/ins><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In an exercise in victim blaming for which cultural theorist Susan Sontag argues&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/mg12216695-000-the-fatal-power-of-language-review-of-aids-and-its-metaphors-by-susan-sontag\/\">medical metaphors are especially conducive<\/a>, Chinese officials have warned: \u201cIf you were careless and caught an infectious virus, like SARS\u201d (a scenario that led to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2003\/04\/25\/world\/the-sars-epidemic-beijing-quarantine-set-in-beijing-areas-to-fight-sars.html\">mass medical detention<\/a>&nbsp;in China in the recent past), then \u201cyou\u2019d have to undergo enclosed isolated treatment. Because it\u2019s an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2019\/11\/16\/world\/asia\/china-detention-directive.html?mtrref=www.google.com&amp;gwh=EBA527D71C6260111BD7D459AD5D9EC8&amp;gwt=pay&amp;assetType=REGIWALL\">infectious illness.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chinese officials are thus defending the camps as quarantine cells that will safeguard China from the Uighur epidemic while eliminating religious and cultural pathogens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books\/about\/Natural_Symbols.html?id=rp6s2NpnyFYC&amp;redir_esc=y\">human body<\/a>&nbsp;has long served as a metaphor for state and society both in Western and Chinese thought. And medical analogies have proven central in the political calculus of extrajudicial detention. With a pseudo-scientific endorsement, policy-makers around the world have classified unwanted populations&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/finn-who-believes-that-migrants-are-parasites-to-be-guest-at-tory-conference-2363374.html\">as parasites<\/a>&nbsp;or social pathogens that need to be cured, physically isolated or excised completely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>First concentration camps<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first concentration camps in contemporary history, established by Britain during the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902), were&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/book\/9780520293977\/barbed-wire-imperialism\">directly inspired by plague quarantine camps<\/a>&nbsp;in India and South Africa. The goal was to \u201ccleanse\u201d besieged towns of \u201cdisease, crime and poverty\u201d by introducing wartime refugees to sanitary enclosures administered by British<br>medical officials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296136\/original\/file-20191009-3846-nal2gy.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Soviet Union likewise consigned&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books\/about\/Landscaping_the_Human_Garden.html?id=KStML5rSbQ4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">\u201cparasitic classes\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;to the gulag, while earlier generations in China referred to political prisoners as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu\/6.1\/muhlhahn.html\">\u201cconvalescents.\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;Even today, xenophobic voices in America associate Latino migrants with&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/jul\/06\/donald-trump-mexican-immigrants-tremendous-infectious-disease\">\u201ctremendous infectious disease.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The biological metaphors revealed by the Chinese government\u2019s recent document leak, however, find their most sinister analogies with Nazi Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe battle in which we are engaged\u201d against the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.libraryofsocialscience.com\/newsletter\/posts\/2016\/2016-07-11-rak-h2.html\">\u201cJewish virus,\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;Hitler proclaimed, \u201cis of the same sort as the battle waged\u2026by Pasteur and Koch. We shall regain our health only by eliminating the Jew.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/stephen-johnson\/maybe-its-no-coincidence-hitler-was-a-germaphobe\">A germaphobe,<\/a>&nbsp;Hitler imagined fighting \u201cbattles against a veritable world sickness, which threatens to infect the German people, a plague that devastates whole peoples.\u201d In this imaginary landscape, Nazi apologists invariably depicted concentration camps as sanitary spaces that isolated&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.libraryofsocialscience.com\/assets\/pdf\/Bein-The_Jewish_Parasite.pdf\">Jewish \u201cparasites\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;in the name of racial hygiene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The genetic emphasis of Nazi racism ultimately meant \u201ccuring\u201d Jews was an impossibility. By Hitler\u2019s logic, outright extermination \u2014 or \u201ceuthanasia\u201d in sanitized state-speak \u2014 was the only recourse. China, by contrast, holds out hope that Uighur camps, or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1986\/09\/21\/magazine\/german-doctors-and-the-final-solution.html\">\u201cre-education hospitals\u201d<\/a>, can cure their \u201cpatients\u201d and thus \u201cclean the virus from their brain.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet like cancer, Chinese Communist officials fear, \u201cthere is no guarantee the illness will not return.\u201d And just because an inmate has \u201crecovered from the ideological disease doesn\u2019t mean they are permanently cured,\u201d the documents reveal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The language of disease justified some of the 20th century\u2019s worst crimes. If left unchecked by the international community, China is poised to continue that tradition in the 21st century. And where China leads,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/01\/17\/world\/asia\/india-kashmir-camps.html?action=click&amp;module=News&amp;pgtype=Homepage\">others are likely to follow<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Aidan Forth is assistant professor of history, MacEwan University.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This article is republished from<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/\">The Conversation<\/a>&nbsp;<em>under a Creative Commons license. Read the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-ominous-metaphors-of-chinas-uighur-concentration-camps-129665\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/thewire.in\/communalism\/china-uighur-holocaust?fbclid=IwAR1v5vdxyjFze5RNJhg5t7kfoxBUdi0ujbMU9qvhYvrOHTp-_SGrkdS_usI Satellite images and clandestine video footage of watchtowers, concrete barracks and barbed-wire perimeters conform to the prison aesthetic described by Jewish Holocaust survivors. The &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1346,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[21,4,15],"class_list":["post-1344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-ethnic-cleansing-crime-against-humanity-genocide","tag-human-rights","tag-religious-perscution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1344"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1344\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1347,"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1344\/revisions\/1347"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yuzb.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}